\\1,1
Albert sells guidebooks to tourists for 65 cents each on 34th Street. If he sells 80 books, how much money will he receive? 

65
how many cents Albert gets for each guidebook

80
how many guidebooks Albert sells

how much money
guidebooks to tourists
65 cents each

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

We want the total of a number of like amounts. MULTIPLICATION is most easily used to do that.
N
 $52.00
   $.52
  $5.20
$520.00

We multiply the price of each book
by the number of books:

           65
         x 80
         ----
         5200 cents  =  $52
@
\\2,1
Fifty-six marbles are to be shared equally by seven children. They are to play with them for 2 hours. How many marbles will each child get?

56
how many marbles are to be shared

 7
how many children are to share the marbles

marbles* children;* how many* each child
fifty-six marbles* shared
seven children

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

HOW MANY is answered by the number of marbles DIVIDED by the number of children.
N
8
5
3
6

We divide:

            8
         ----
       7 ) 56

Therefore, each child gets
8 marbles.
@
\\3,1
If a shelf has 6 sections, and each section can hold 27 books, and each book has 400 pages, how many books can the shelf hold?

 6
how many sections each shelf has

27
how many books each section of the shelf can hold

6 sections;* each section* 27 books;* how many books
shelf has 6 sections
each section can hold 27 books

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

HOW MANY equals the number of sections TIMES the number of books per section.
N
162
188
104
122

We multiply:
             27
            x 6
            ---
            162

The shelf can hold up to
162 books.
@
\\4,1
If a 3-year-old gear turns 52 times per minute, how many turns will it make in 5 minutes?

52
how many times per minute the gear turns

 5
how many minutes the problem is asking about

turns* per minute, how many* in 5 minutes
a* gear turns
times per minute

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Division

The number of turns in 5 minutes is like a problem of speed: (Number of turns) = (rate) x (time)
N
260
 25
130
 11

We multiply the rate of
52 turns per minute by
5 minutes:

         52
        x 5
        ---
        260 turns
@
\\5,1
A school has 660 students in 30 classrooms, with two teachers per classroom. If the students are distributed evenly, how many are in each classroom?

660
how many students the school has

 30
how many classrooms the school has

how many* in each classroom
school has 660 students
students are distributed evenly

Division
Multiplication
Subtraction
Addition

The words HOW MANY...IN EACH tell us we want the number of students DIVIDED by the number of classrooms.
N
 22
 66
220
 39

Divide:           22
               -----
            30 ) 660
                  60
                  --
                   60
                   60
                   --
                    0

There are 22 students per classroom.
@
\\6,1
The 30-member PTA had a bake sale. They made $35.15 in 5 hours. How much money did they make per hour? 

$35.15
how much money the PTA made from the bake sale

  5
how many hours the bake sale lasted

how much money* per hour
PTA had a bake sale
how much* did they make

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

We DIVIDE the total earnings by the number of hours to determine HOW MUCH they made PER HOUR.
N
 $7.03
 $9.83
$76.89
$47.89

Divide:
             $7.03 per hour
          --------
        5 ) $35.15
@
\\7,1
The musicians in the school orchestra wanted to buy their music teacher a gift. Each of the 42 students contributed $1.50 and had enough to buy two gifts. How much money did they have?

42
how many students there were in the school orchestra

$1.50
how much money each student contributed

how much* did they have
musicians* to buy* a gift
each* contributed

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

The words HOW MUCH...DID THEY HAVE tell us we want the TOTAL amount. The total amount equals the number of students TIMES the amount each student brought.
N
$63.00
$89.25
$77.10
$50.40

Multiply:
           $1.50
          x   42
          ------
            3 00
           60 0
          ------
          $63.00
@
\\8,1
Tickets for the school concert were $4.50 each. Jim sold 8 tickets to four of his friends. What was the amount of Jim's sales?

$4.50
how many dollars a ticket to the school concert cost

 8
how many concert tickets Jim sold

$4.50 each;* sold 8;* amount of* sales
tickets for the school concert
Jim sold 8 tickets

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

AMOUNT OF SALES means we want the TOTAL cost. We need to MULTIPLY the number of sold tickets by the cost per ticket. This yields the total cost for all the tickets sold.
N
$36.00
 $3.60
 $8.00
$56.00

We multiply:
               $4.50
               x   8
               -----
              $36.00
@
\\9,1
The Daily Gazette printed Dave's picture on all 500 of its copies. Dave ran out and bought 25 copies for his friends, at 50 cents a copy. How much did this cost him?

25
how many copies of the Daily Gazette Dave bought

50
how many cents each copy of the Daily Gazette cost

copies* at* cents a copy;* how much* cost
bought* copies for his friends
50 cents a copy

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

The words HOW MUCH tell us we want the COST of 25 copies. Addition would be inconvenient because adding 25 numbers would take a long time, so we use MULTIPLICATION.
N
 $12.50
  $3.00
 $20.00
$125.00

We multiply the number of papers
by the cost of each paper
to get the total cost.

           $.50
          x  25
          -----
           2 50
          10 0
         ------
         $12.50
@
\\10,1
If 60 jellybeans of 3 different colors are divided into 12 equal groups, how many are in each group?

60
how many jellybeans the problem is asking about

12
how many groups the jellybeans are divided into

divided into* equal groups;* how many* in each
60 jellybeans
12 equal groups

Division
Subtraction
Multiplication
Addition

HOW MANY jellybeans PER GROUP equals the number of jellybeans DIVIDED by the number of groups.
N
  5
720
 58
 12

We divide 60 jellybeans by
12 groups:

      5 jellybeans per group
   ----
12 ) 60
@
\\11,1
Ben bought five cans of frozen orange juice at 69 cents apiece during 3 very hot days. How much did Ben spend?

 5
how many cans of orange juice Ben bought

69
how many cents Ben paid for each can of orange juice

cans* at* cents apiece;* how much did Ben spend
bought five cans
69 cents apiece

Multiplication
Addition/Division
Division
Not given

We MULTIPLY to find the cost of like amounts.
N
$3.45
$5.45
$4.95
$2.45

Multiply:
            $.69
           x   5
           -----
           $3.45
@
\\12,1
Robert sold grasshoppers to his 7 gullible friends for 35 cents apiece. If he sold 60 grasshoppers, how much money did he receive?

35
how many cents Robert sold each grasshopper for

60
how many grasshoppers Robert sold

cents apiece;* grasshoppers;* how much money
grasshoppers to his* gullible friends
sold 60 grasshoppers

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

We want the price of ALL 60 grasshoppers. MULTIPLICATION is the easiest way to find the sum of a number of like amounts.
N
$21.00
$32.70
 $3.25
$12.25

We multiply the price
of each grasshopper
by the number of
grasshoppers:

         $.35
        x  60
       ------
       $21.00
@
\\13,1
Thirty-five boxes, 2 inches by 6 inches by 8 inches each, are placed in groups of five boxes to a group. How many groups are there?

35
the number of boxes that are placed in groups

 5
the number of boxes in each group

boxes;* groups of five;* how many groups
boxes* are placed in groups
five boxes to a group

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

HOW MANY GROUPS is answered by the number of boxes DIVIDED by the number of boxes per group.
N
 7
12
 5
30

We divide:
            7
         ----
       5 ) 35

Therefore, there are
7 groups.
@
\\14,1
If a 25-year-old school has 26 classrooms and each has room for 40 students, what is the school's capacity?

26
the number of classrooms in the school

40
the number of students each classroom has space for

classrooms;* students;* school's capacity
school has 26 classrooms
room for 40 students

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

The CAPACITY equals the number of classrooms TIMES the number of students per classroom.
N
1,040
1,460
  880
2,190

We multiply:
                 40
               x 26
               ----
                240
                800
               ----
               1040

The school's capacity is
1,040 students.
@
\\15,1
If a secretary types 62 words per minute, and has a 6-page letter to do, how many words can s/he type in 14 minutes?

62
how many words per minute, or rate, the secretary types

14
the number of minutes, or time, the problem is asking about

words per minute;* how many* in 14 minutes
secretary types 62 words per minute
type in 14 minutes

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Division

The number of words the secretary can type in 14 minutes is like a problem of speed: (amount typed) = (rate) x (time)
N
  868
  700
1,274
  640

We multiply the rate of
62 words per minute by
14 minutes:

         62
       x 14
       ----
        248
        620
        ---
        868 words
@
\\16,2
In Gotham City, 915 people live in 10 different buildings within seventeen square miles. On the average, how many people are there per square mile?

915
how many people live in a given number of square miles in Gotham city

 17
the number of square miles the people live in

people;* square miles;* how many* per square mile
in Gotham City, 915 people
on the average

Division
Addition
Multiplication
Not given

To determine HOW MANY people there are PER SQUARE MILE, we DIVIDE the total number of people by the number of square miles.
Y
Before solving, round 915 to the nearest hundred; 17 to the nearest ten.
45
60
25
75

915 is rounded to 900.
 17 is rounded to 20.

The quotient of 900 / 20 is 45.
@
\\17,2
Jane has 18 different colors of eyeshadow, which cost her about $2.00 per eyeshadow. If she used a different color each day, for how many weeks could she avoid repeating any color of eyeshadow?

18
how many different colors of eyeshadow Jane has

 7
the number of days in a week

colors;* different* each day;* how many weeks* avoid repeating
18 different colors of eyeshadow
used a different color each day

Division
Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction

To find HOW MANY weeks Jane wouldn't repeat herself, DIVIDE the total by the number of days in a week, seven.
N
2
0
1
5

We divide:

   18 / 7  =  2.5714

2 is the answer, since during
the third week Jane would have
to repeat a color.
@
\\18,2
On May 15th, 312 students bought breakfast in the first two breakfast periods. If breakfast cost 90 cents, how much money was collected?

312
how many students bought breakfast

 90
how many cents a breakfast cost

students bought;* cost;* how much* collected
on may 15th, 312 students
breakfast cost 90 cents

Multiplication
Subtraction
Addition
Division

The words HOW MUCH tell us we want the total amount collected. That equals the amount collected per student TIMES the number of students.
N
$280.80
 $21.68
 $20.68
$138.90

Multiply:

    312
 x $.90
-------
$280.80 is the total
        collected.
@
\\19,2
The 600 students at Greenville School go to school 8 hours each day. How many hours do they spend at school each week? Note: A school week has 5 days.

8
how many hours a day the students spend at Greenville School

5
the number of days in a school week

8 hours each day;* how many* each week
students at Greenville School go to school
how many hours do they spend

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Not given

To find HOW MANY HOURS...EACH WEEK, MULTIPLY the number of hours per day by the number of school days per week.
N
 40
 13
180
 56

A school week is 5 days long.

Multiply:

8 x 5  =  40 hours per week
@
\\20,2
Four hundred twenty-three students participated in a 3-day running meet. There were 9 events, and each student participated in only one event. How many students were in each event?

423
how many students participated in the running meet

  9
how many events there were

students* in a* running meet;* 9 events;* how many students* in each
students participated in a* running meet
each student participated in only one event

Division
Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction

DIVIDING the number of students by the number of events tells us HOW MANY students were in EACH EVENT.
N
47
80
23
62

Divide: 
             47 students
          -----
        9 ) 423
            36
            --
             63
             63
             --
              0
@
\\21,2
There are 363 pupils in 11 rooms, with 1 teacher per room, at the Fairfield School. What is the average number of pupils per room?

363
how many students go to the Fairfield School

 11
how many rooms there are in the Fairfield School

pupils;* rooms;* average number* per room
there are 363 pupils
11 rooms* at the Fairfield School

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

The number of pupils per room equals the total number of pupils DIVIDED by the number of rooms.
N
   33
   40
  360
3,321

We divide:
               33
            -----
         11 ) 363

There are 33 pupils per room.
@
\\22,2
A baker bakes 57 cakes in one day. Each cake has 2 layers. How many cakes will the baker bake in 31 days?

57
how many cakes a baker bakes in one day

31
the number of days the problem is asking about

cakes in one day;* how many cakes* in 31 days
bakes 57 cakes
how many* will the baker bake

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Division

To find HOW MANY cakes will be baked IN 31 DAYS, which is the sum of like addends, MULTIPLICATION is most easily used.
Y
Before solving, round each number to the nearest ten.
1,800
  180
1,200
  210

57 is rounded to 60.
31 days is rounded to 30 days.

The product of the two numbers
is:

              60
            x 30
            ----
            1800
@
\\23,2
5 wheels are turning at the rate of 175 turns per minute. How many times will they turn in 4 minutes?

175
how many times each wheel turns per minute

  4
the number of minutes the problem is asking about

turns per minute;* how many times* in 4 minutes
wheels are turning at the rate of 175
how many* minutes

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Not given

In this problem, the words HOW MANY TIMES mean we need to find the total of a number of like events; MULTIPLICATION is the best operation to use.
Y
Before solving, round the rate of turns to the nearest hundred.
800
450
520
100

175 is rounded to 200. The product of 200 and 4 is 800.

The wheel will turn about 800 times in 4 minutes.
@
\\24,2
364 lunches are prepared each hour in the company cafeteria for 3 lunch periods. How many lunches are prepared in one minute?

364
how many lunches are prepared in the company cafeteria each hour

 60
the number of minutes in an hour

lunches* each hour;* how many* in one minute
364 lunches are prepared
each hour in the company cafeteria

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Not given

The words HOW MANY...IN ONE MINUTE tell us we want the number of lunches prepared in a smaller time segment, so DIVISION is the correct operation here.
Y
Before solving, round 364 to the nearest ten.
6
3
2
9

364 is rounded to 360. Since there
are 60 minutes in an hour, 60 is used
as the divisor in this problem.

                6
            -----
         60 ) 360
              360
              ---
                0
About 6 lunches are prepared
in 1 min.
@
\\25,2
A 10-pound frog eats 441 flies in 4 days. How many flies does the frog eat in one day?

441
how many flies the frog eats

  4
how many days it takes the frog to eat the flies

how many* in one day
frog eats 441 flies
4 days

Division
Multiplication
Addition
Not given

To determine HOW MANY flies are eaten, on the average, on each of the four days, we DIVIDE the total by the number of days.
Y
Before solving, round 441 to the nearest ten.
110
 90
130
150

441 is rounded to 440.

We divide:
           110
         -----
       4 ) 440

The frog eats about
110 flies each day.
@
\\26,2
625 cats live within 18 city blocks and consume about 2/3 of the mice on the streets. On the average, how many cats are there per block?

625
how many cats live within a given number of blocks

 18
how many city blocks make up the area the cats live in

how many* per block
cats* within 18 city blocks
on the average

Division
Addition
Multiplication
Not given

To determine HOW MANY cats there are PER BLOCK, we DIVIDE the total number of cats by the number of blocks.
Y
Before solving, round 625 to the nearest hundred; 18 to the nearest ten.
30
95
50
60

625 is rounded to 600.
 18 is rounded to 20.

The quotient of 600 / 20 is 30.
@
\\27,2
Sandy typed 137 words in 18 minutes while typing a 500-word paper. How many words can she type per minute?

137
how many words Sandy typed in a given time

 18
how many minutes it took Sandy to type the given number of words

words in 18 minutes;* how many* per minute
typed 137 words in 18 minutes
how many

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

To determine the number of WORDS PER MINUTE, DIVIDE the total words by the number of minutes.
Y
Before solving, round both numbers to the nearest ten.
 7
 9
 5
12

137 rounds to 140.
 18 rounds to 20.

    140 / 20  =  7

Sandy typed
about 7 words per minute.
@
\\28,2
Bananas are 39 cents a pound and come 12 to a bunch. How much does it cost to buy 6 pounds of bananas?

39
how many cents a pound bananas cost

 6
how many pounds of bananas the problem is asking about

cents a pound;* cost to buy 6 pounds
bananas are 39 cents
how much

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

To find the total of a number of like numbers we MULTIPLY.
N
$2.34
   41 cents
$3.09
$2.58

Multiply:

       $.39
      x   6
      -----
      $2.34
@
\\29,2
Dan is reading a 1,000-page book. If he reads 47 pages a day, how many pages will he read in 5 days?

47
the number of pages Dan reads a day

 5
the number of days the problem is asking about

pages a day;* how many* in 5 days
Dan is reading a* book
reads 47 pages

Multiplication
Subtraction
Addition
Division

To find a total of a number of like amounts we MULTIPLY.
N
235
200
 65
175

Multiply:

         47
        x 5
        ---
        235

He will read
235 pages in 5 days.
@
\\30,2
A flight from Tucson to Chicago on Midwest Air averages 623 miles per hour. Each flight is approximately $150 per one-way ticket. How far will the plane fly in 3 hours?

623
how many miles the flight from Tucson to Chicago averages per hour

  3
the number of hours, or time, the plane will be flying

miles per hour;* how far* in 3 hours
flight from Tucson to Chicago
averages 623 miles per hour

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

We multiply (rate) x (time) to find (distance).
N
1,869 miles
  208 miles
1,800 miles
2,109 miles

Multiply:
            623
           x  3
           ----
           1869

The plane will fly
1,869 miles in 3 hours.
@
\\31,3
A farmer grew wheat on 50 acres. Each acre averaged 52 bushels of wheat. He sold the entire crop, in 14 days, for $4.00 a bushel. What was the total amount he received?

50
how many acres the farmer used for growing wheat

52
how many bushels of wheat each acre averaged

$4.00
how much money a bushel the farmer sold the wheat for

acres;* bushels;* $* a bushel;* total amount
averaged 52 bushels of wheat
the entire crop* $4.00 a bushel

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

We MULTIPLY the cost per bushel by the number of bushels per acre TIMES the number of acres to find the TOTAL AMOUNT RECEIVED for the entire crop.
N
$10,400
 $1,040
   $816
   $208

We multiply:

$4.00 x 52  =  $208.00
is the amount received per acre.

Then, $208 x 50  =  $10,400
is the total amount received
for the crop.
@
\\32,3
Mr. Banes drove his 3-ton automobile 2,372 miles on 118 gallons of gasoline. What is the average number of miles per gallon of gasoline?

2,372
how many miles Mr. Banes drove his car

  118
how many gallons of gasoline Mr. Banes's car used up driving

miles* gallons;* average number of miles per gallon
drove his* automobile 2,372 miles
118 gallons of gasoline

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

The NUMBER OF MILES PER GALLON equals the number of miles traveled DIVIDED by the number of gallons used.
Y
First, round 2,372 to the nearest hundred; then round 118 to the nearest ten.
20
16
37
34

Round:  2,372 becomes 2,400.
          118 becomes 120.

Divide:

   2,400 / 120  =  240 / 12  =  20

Mr. Banes got about 20 miles per gallon.
@
\\33,3
Tim's father raised 4,420 bushels of corn on 65 acres, and sold each bushel for $7.50. What was the yield per acre?

4,420
how many bushels of corn Tim's father raised

   65
how many acres were used to grow the corn

bushels;* acres;* yield per acre
Tim's father raised 4,420 bushels
65 acres

Division
Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction

The yield per acre equals the total yield DIVIDED by the number of acres.
N
 68
 82
287
 52

We divide: 

       68  =  bushels per acre
   ------
65 ) 4420
      390
      ---
      520
      520
      ---
        0
@
\\34,3
Six thousand five hundred sixty people used the library's main branch in 5 days, 8 hours per day. What was the average number of people in the library each day?

6,560
how many people used the library

    5
the number of days the library was used

people* in 5 days;* average number* each day
people used the library's main branch* 5 days
what was the* number of people in the library

Division
Addition
Multiplication
Not given

The AVERAGE EACH DAY is found by DIVIDING the total by the number of days.
N
1,312
  980
1,850
2,190

Divide:
      6560 / 5  =  1,312

The average number of people
in the library each day is 1,312.
@
\\35,3
The Morris Realty Agency, which has 15 representatives, sells homes at the rate of 30 each week. How many homes are sold in one year?

30
how many homes the Morris Realty Agency sells each week

52
the number of weeks in a year

sells homes;* rate* each week;* how many* in one year
Morris Realty Agency* sells homes
rate of 30 each week

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

The number of home sales per week TIMES the number of weeks per year equals the number of home sales PER YEAR.
N
1,560
1,190
3,080
5,380

There are 52 weeks in a year.

Multiply:  30 x 52  =  1,560

The agency sells 1,560 homes per year.
@
\\36,3
The box of cookies is 7 inches high, 6 inches long, and 5 inches wide. The cookies come in 4 varieties. What volume of cookies can this box hold?

7
how many inches high the box of cookies is

6
how many inches long the box of cookies is

5
how many inches wide the box of cookies is

inches high;* long;* wide;* what volume* this box
box of cookies is 7 inches
what* cookies can this box hold

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

The VOLUME of a BOX equals its height TIMES its length TIMES its width.
N
210 cubic inches
310 cubic inches
175 cubic inches
 72 cubic inches

When computing volume,
the answer is always in cubic units.

Length (6) times width (5) times height (7)
equals volume.

Thus, 6 x 5  =  30 square inches
 and 30 x 7  =  210 cubic inches.
@
\\37,3
An 8-cylinder engine turns 4,222 times per minute. How many times will it turn in 5 minutes?

4,222
how many times per minute an engine turns

    5
the number of minutes the problem is asking about

turns* per minute;* how many times* in 5 minutes
turns 4,222 times per minute
how many

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Not given

The words HOW MANY TIMES...IN 5 MINUTES tell us we want to find the total of a number of like events. MULTIPLICATION is most easily used to do that.
Y
Before solving, round the engine speed to the nearest thousand.
20,000
28,000
 2,500
 2,600

4,222 is rounded to 4,000.

In 5 minutes the engine
will turn approximately:

   4,000 x 5  =  20,000 times.
@
\\38,3
If a 6-inch long tuning fork vibrates 18,499 times per minute, how many times does it vibrate each second?

18,499
how many times per minute a tuning fork vibrates

    60
the number of seconds in a minute

times per minute;* how many times* each second
tuning fork vibrates 18,499* per minute
how many

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Not given

The words HOW MANY TIMES...EACH SECOND tell us we want to find the number of vibrations in a smaller time segment, so DIVISION is the correct operation here.
Y
Before solving, round 18,499 to the nearest thousand.
300
260
520
400

18,499 is rounded to 18,000.
Since there are 60 seconds
in a minute, 60 is used as
the divisor in this problem.

18,000 / 60  =  1,800 / 6  =  300

The fork will vibrate about
300 times per second.
@
\\39,3
If 3 woodpeckers peck 2,595 holes in one day, how many holes can they peck in 31 days?

2,595
how many holes 3 woodpeckers peck in one day

   31
the number of days the problem is asking about

holes in one day;* how many* in 31 days
woodpeckers peck 2,595 holes
how many

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Division

In this problem, the words HOW MANY...IN 31 DAYS tell us to find the sum of like addends. MULTIPLICATION is used most easily to do that.
Y
Before solving, round the given numbers to the nearest ten.
78,000
37,000
52,000
98,000

2,595 is rounded to 2,600.
31 days is rounded to 30 days.

The product of the two numbers is:

       2,600
      x   30
      ------
      78,000 holes

In 31 days the woodpecker pecks
about 78,000 holes.
@
\\40,3
529 people live in 53 houses on 10 street blocks. About the same number of people live in each house. What is the number of people that live in each house?

529
how many people live in the given number of houses

 53
how many houses the people live in

people;* houses;* number of people* in each house
about the same number of people
what is

Division
Addition
Multiplication
Not given

To determine the average number of people PER HOUSE, we DIVIDE the total number of people by the number of houses.
Y
First, round 529 to the nearest hundred, and 53 to the nearest ten.
10
 6
12
 7

529 is rounded to 500.
 53 is rounded to 50.

Divide:

   500 / 50  =  10

About 10 people live
in each house.
@
\\41,3
What is the cost of 55 cartons of detergent at the price of $5.50 per 75-ounce carton?

55
how many cartons of detergent there are

$5.50
how much money each carton of detergent costs

cost of* cartons;* $5.50 per* carton
55 cartons of detergent
price of $5.50 per* carton

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Division

To find the total number of like amounts we MULTIPLY.
N
$302.50
 $32.50
 $32.75
$198.50

Multiply 55 by the cost
per carton:

     $5.50
    x   55
    ------
     27 50
    275 0
   -------
   $302.50 is the total cost.
@
\\42,3
Tony raised 4,550 bushels of corn on 65 acres in 3 months. What was the yield per acre?

4,550
how many bushels of corn Tony raised

   65
how many acres were used to grow the corn

bushels;* acres;* yield per acre
raised 4,550 bushels of corn
65 acres

Division
Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction

The yield per acre equals the TOTAL YIELD DIVIDED by the number of acres.
N
 70
 92
280
 54

We divide:

       70  =  bushels
   ------     per acre
65 ) 4550
     455
     ---
       0
@
\\43,3
The box of raisins is 3 inches high, 2 inches long, and 1 inch wide. It is priced at $.99. What volume of raisins does the box hold?

3
how many inches high the box of raisins is

2
how many inches long the box of raisins is

1
how many inches wide the box of raisins is

what volume* the box
box of raisins is 3 inches
what* does the box hold

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

The VOLUME of a BOX equals its height TIMES its length TIMES its width.
N
6 cubic inches
4 cubic inches 
5 cubic inches 
7 cubic inches

When computing volume,
the answer is always in cubic units.

We multiply
the height (3)
times the length (2)
times the width (1).

Thus, 3 x 2  =  6
  and 6 x 1  =  6 cubic inches
@
\\44,3
Some dragonflies fly 17 miles a day and rest for about 30 minutes. If the average dragonfly lives 118 days, how many miles would it fly?

 17
how many miles a day some dragonflies fly

118
how many days the average dragonfly lives

miles a day;* days;* how many miles
17 miles a day
average dragonfly lives 118 days

Multiplication
Division/Addition
Subtraction
Not given

In this problem, the words HOW MANY mean we want the TOTAL miles. The number of miles per day TIMES the number of days equals the total number of miles.
Y
Before solving, round both numbers to the nearest ten.
2,400
1,900
  120
3,000

We round 118 days to 120
and 17 miles to 20.

   120 x 20  =  2,400

The average dragonfly
would fly about 2,400 miles.
@
\\45,3
The Ryans live on the 13th floor of a highrise apartment building in Oakland. They pay $960 per month for rent and $250 per month for utilities. How much rent does the family pay per year?

$960
how much money per month the Ryans pay for rent

  12
the number of months in a year

$* per month for rent;* how much* per year
live on the 13th floor
they pay $960

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

In this problem, the words HOW MUCH...PER YEAR tell us we want the TOTAL rent. The number of months in a year TIMES the monthly rent equals the yearly rent.
N
$11,520
 $9,600
$13,440
$21,400

Multiply:

   $960
  x  12
  -----
  1 920
  9 60
-------
$11,520 is the yearly rent.
@
\\46,4
If the Pittsburgh Devils use 740 bats during a typical playing season, which averages about 40 games per season, and the bats cost $8.95 each, what is the total cost of bats per season?

740
how many bats the Pittsburgh Devils use in a playing season

 $8.95
how much each bat costs

total cost* per season
bats during a typical playing season
bats cost $* each

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

To find the TOTAL COST, we must MULTIPLY the total number of bats by the price of one bat.
Y
Before solving, round the given cost to the nearest dollar.
 $6,660
   $660
 $6,900
$69,000

$8.95 is rounded to $9.00.

The cost is about:

            740
           x $9
         ------
         $6,660
@
\\47,4
Helen hiked around Lake Snowflake in 2 1/2 hours. Afterwards, she was told that she had hiked 960 rods. There are 320 rods in a mile. How many miles did Helen hike?

960
how many rods Helen hiked

320
the number of rods in a mile

960 rods;* rods in a mile;* how many miles
Helen hiked* 960 rods
320 rods in a mile

Division
Addition
Multiplication
Addition/Subtraction

To find HOW MANY MILES, we DIVIDE the number of rods by the number of rods per mile.
N
3
1
2
4

Helen hiked:

960 / 320  =  96 / 32
=  3 miles.
@
\\48,4
If Della has a 1,470-word paper to type and she can type at the rate of 42 words per minute, how many minutes will it take her to type the paper, which is due in 3 hours?

1,470
how many words Della has to type

   42
how many words per minute Della can type

1,470-word paper;* words per minute;* how many minutes* to type
Della has a 1,470-word paper to type
can type at the rate of 42 words per minute

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

Since she can type 42 words per minute, we DIVIDE that number into the total number of words she must type.
N
35
13
15
52

To find how many minutes the paper will take, divide
the number of words by the rate of typing.
                      35 minutes
                  ------
               42 ) 1470
                    126
                    ---
                     210
                     210
                     ---
                       0
@
\\49,4
Mrs. Morris has worked 6 months at Acme Trading Company. If she makes $9.50 per hour and works 40 hours each week, how much does she make in a four-week month?

$9.50
how much money Mrs. Morris makes per hour

40
how many hours each week Mrs. Morris works

 4
the number of weeks the problem is asking about

$* per hour;* hours each week;* how much* in a four-week month
she makes $9.50 per hour
works 40 hours;* in a four-week month

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

In this problem HOW MUCH tells us we want the TOTAL. The total is the number of weeks TIMES the number of hours per week TIMES the number of dollars per hour.
N
$1,520.00
  $380.00
$1,220.00
$1,760.00

Mrs. Morris earns
$9.50 x 40  =  $380.00 per week.

That comes to
4 x $380.00  =  $1,520.00
per 4-week month.
@
\\50,4
A parking lot is 60 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 1 foot deep. It has parking space available for 50 cars. How many cubic feet of cement is needed to fill the lot?

60
how many feet long the lot is

30
how many feet wide the lot is

 1
how many feet deep the lot is

how many cubic feet
long;* wide;* deep
feet of cement* needed

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Not given

The words HOW MANY CUBIC FEET tell us we need to MULTIPLY. Volume equals length TIMES width TIMES height.
N
1,800
1,000
1,400
2,600

The volume equals

60 x 30 x 1
=  1,800 x 1
=  1,800 cubic feet.
@
\\51,4
A truck is built to carry 5,720 pounds. If one barrel of sand weighs 260 pounds and sells for $19.00 a barrel, how many barrels of sand can the truck safely carry?

5,720
how many pounds the truck can carry

  260
how many pounds one barrel of sand weighs

one barrel* weighs;* how many barrels* can the truck safely carry
truck* to carry 5,720 pounds
one barrel of sand weighs 260 pounds

Division
Subtraction
Multiplication
Addition

To find HOW MANY barrels are allowed, DIVIDE the total weight allowance by the weight of each barrel.
N
22
19
28
32

We divide:
                     22
    ------        -----
260 ) 5720  =  26 ) 572
                    52
                    --
                    52
                    52
                    --
                     0
@
\\52,4
There are 20 people in Henry's science class, which meets 3 times a week. The total class score on a recent quiz was 1,580. What is the average score of the class?

   20
how many people there are in Henry's science class

1,580
what the total class score on the quiz was

the average score
people in Henry's* science class
the total class score

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

The AVERAGE SCORE equals the total score DIVIDED by the number of people in the class.
N
   79
8,940
   90
   88

We divide:

1580 / 20  =  79

79 is the average score.
@
\\53,4
A druggist charges 95 cents an ounce for a certain medicine that normally sells at $1.29 an ounce. At this rate, what would he charge for one pound? (Hint: 1 pound = 16 ounces.)

95
how many cents an ounce the druggist charges

16
how many ounces there are in a pound

cents an ounce;* charge for one pound
druggist charges 95 cents
at this rate

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Not given

We want 16 TIMES the price of one ounce.
N
$15.20
$12.40
 $5.75
 $4.75

There are 16 ounces per pound.
We multiply
the cost per ounce by 16:

          $.95
         x  16
        ------
          5 70
          9 5
        ------
        $15.20
@
\\54,4
If the New York Clippers use 5,800 balls during a typical playing season, which averages about 36 games per season, and the balls cost $1.95 each, what is the total cost of balls per season?

5,800
how many balls the New York Clippers use in a playing season

   $1.95
how much each ball costs

total cost* per season
balls during a typical playing season
balls cost $* each

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Subtraction

To find the TOTAL COST, we must MULTIPLY the total number of balls by the price of one ball.
Y
Before solving, round the given cost to the nearest dollar.
$11,600
 $9,600
 $4,800
$18,200

$1.95 is rounded to $2.00.

The total cost is about:

             5,800
            x   $2
           -------
           $11,600
@
\\55,4
The Bartons planted 1,180 apple trees in their new 20-acre orchard. Each tree cost $28.00. What is the total cost of planting?

1,180
how many apple trees the Bartons planted

  $28.00
how much money each tree cost

trees;* each* cost $;* total cost
planted 1,180* trees in their new* orchard
what is* cost

Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction
Division

We MULTIPLY to find the cost of like amounts.
Y
Before solving, round 1,180 trees to the nearest thousand.
 $28,000
 $30,800
 $30,000
$280,000

1180 rounds to 1000.

The planting cost is about:

  $28 x 1000  =  $28,000
@
\\56,4
If Mr. Smith makes $5.50 per hour and works 40 hours each week, how much does he make in a year? (Remember, a year has 52 weeks.)

$5.50
how much money Mr. Smith makes per hour

40
how many hours each week Mr. Smith works

52
the number of weeks there are in a year

$* per hour;* hours each week;* how much* in a year
Mr. Smith makes $5.50 per hour
works 40 hours each week

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

In this problem HOW MUCH tells us we want the TOTAL. The total is the number of weeks TIMES the number of hours per week TIMES the number of dollars per hour.
N
$11,440
$22,600
 $9,300
 $9,000

Mr. Smith earns
$5.50 x 40  =  $220.00 per week.

Yearly, he earns:
                 $220
                x  52
                -----
                  440
               11 00
              -------
              $11,440
@
\\57,4
A 13-year-old concrete wall is 30 feet long, 6 feet high and 2 feet thick. How many cubic feet of concrete was used to make the wall?

30
how many feet long the concrete wall is

 6
how many feet high the concrete wall is

 2
how many feet thick the concrete wall is

how many cubic feet
long;* high;* thick
feet of concrete* used

Multiplication
Addition
Division
Not given

The words HOW MANY CUBIC FEET tell us we need to multiply. Volume equals length TIMES width TIMES height.
N
360
720
160
620

The volume equals 30 x 6

=  180 x 2  =  360 cubic feet.
@
\\58,4
Katherine has a square garden. One side of her garden is 24 feet long. How many square feet does she have in which to plant her 100-plant garden?

24
how many feet the length of Katherine's garden is

24
how many feet the width of Katherine's garden is

how many square feet
Katherine has a square garden
one side* is 24 feet long

Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction

The area of a square equals length TIMES width.
N
576
300
320
766

Each side of the garden
is 24 feet long.

Thus, the area
is 24 x 24  =  576 square feet.
@
\\59,4
Mr. Fox drove 936 miles and used 52 gallons of gasoline in 15 hours. What was his average number of miles per gallon?

936
how many miles Mr. Fox drove

 52
how many gallons of gasoline Mr. Fox used

miles;* gallons;* miles per gallon
drove 936 miles;* used* gallons of gasoline
average* miles

Division
Multiplication
Addition
Not given

Miles per gallon is found by DIVIDING the mileage by the amount of gasoline used.
N
18
12
20
26

Divide:
       18 miles per gallon
    -----
 52 ) 936
      52
      --
      416
      416
      ---
        0
@
\\60,4
If 6 express trains average 54 miles an hour, how long will it take them to go 2,106 miles?

   54
how many miles an express train averages per hour

2,106
the number of miles the problem is asking about

miles an hour;* how long* to go 2,106
average* an hour
2,106 miles

Division
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication

The number of hours is found by DIVIDING the total mileage by the average number of miles traveled per hour.
N
39 hours
26 hours
48 hours
57 hours

We divide:
          39
      ------
   54 ) 2106
        162
        ---
         486
         486
         ---
           0
@

